my ordinances

διαθεσμοθετήσεω̆ν, διαθεσμοθέτησις

ordinances: fem gen pl

διαθεσμοθέτησις

ordinances: fem nom sg

θέμις (θέμις, -ιτος, -ιδος, -ιν; θέμιτες, -ίτ[ων], -ισσιν.)

1

⁺ V 176-260-124-66-116=742 Gn 4,16; 8,7.16.18.19

to go out of, to come out of [abs.] Gn 8,18; id. [τι] Gn 44,4; id. [ἔκ τινος] (of things) Gn 8,16; id. (of pers.) Gn 15,4; to go forth from [ἀπό τινος] Gn 4,16; to proceed from [ἔκ τινος] 1 Sm 2,3; to come forth from [παρά τινος] (of ordinances) Gn 24,50; to be risen (of the sun) Gn 19,23; to go forth to [+inf.] Gn 24,43

ἐξελεύσεται εἰς συνάντησίν σοι he will come forth to meet you Ex 4,14; ἐξῆλθεν τὸ ἔτος ἐκεῖνο that year passed, that year came to an end Gn 47,18

*Nm 24,7 ἐξελεύσεται shall come out of-אזל? for MT יזל נזל shall flow; *Nm 24,24 ἐξελεύσεται shall come out of (cpr. Sam. Pent.) יצאים?-יצא for MT צים ships

see ἔξειμι

→NIDNTT; TWNT

διαθεσμοθέτ-ησις, εως, ἡ, in pl.,

A ordinances, Herm.in Phdr.p.149A.

δογμᾰτ-ίζω,

A lay down as an opinion,

ἀϊδίους εἶναι Phld.Piet.19

;

τὰ αἰσχρά Arr.Epict. 3.7.18

: abs., S.E.P.1.13, al.; οἱ -οντες, = οἱ δογματικοί, Gal.18(1).270:—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ -όμενα S.E.P.1.18

.

2 decree by ordinance, c. inf., D.S.4.83, LXX 1 Es.6.34; of the Roman Senate, J.AJ14.10.22; δ. τινὰ καλήν declare her beautiful, AP9.576 (Nicarch.):—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ δογματισθέντα IG12(3).173.53

([place name] Astypalaea), cf. ib. 14.759.13 ([place name] Naples).

3 in [voice] Pass., of persons, submit to ordinances, Ep.Col.2.20.

θέμις, ἡ, old [dialect] Ep. gen. θέμιστος (in Hom. the only declension): acc.

A

θέμιστα Il.5.761

,

θέμιν A.Ag. 1431

, etc.: gen. pl.

θεμιστέων Hes. Th. 235

: pr. n.

Θέμις, Θέμιστος Od.2.68

,

Θέμιστα Il.20.4

; dat.

Θέμιστι 15.87

; but

Θέμιτος Pi.O.13.8

,

Θέμιδος A.Pr.18

, etc., Θέμιος (v.l. -ιδος) Hdt.2.50,

Θέμιν Hes.Th.16

, IG22.1611.71: voc.

Θέμι Il.15.93

, E.Med. 160(anap.):

I that which is laid down or established, law (not as fixed by statute, but) as established by custom, θ. ἐστί 'tis meet and right, c. dat. pers. et inf.,

οὔ μοι θ. ἐστὶ ξεῖνον ἀτιμῆσαι Od.14.56

; ἅ τε ξείνοις θ. ἐστὶν [παραθεῖναι] Il.11.779; ὅ οἱ Διόθεν θ. ἦεν [ἐκτελέσαι] Hes.Sc.22; γυναικὶ οὐ θ. SIG1024.9(Myconos,iii/ii B.C.): without dat., Il.16.796, 23.44;

οὐ θ. ἐν μοισοπόλων οἰκίᾳ θρῆνον ἔμμεν' Sapph.136

;

ὅτι δυνατὸν καὶ θ. αἰνεῖν A.Ag.98

, cf. S.Ant. 880(lyr.), Ph. 346, E.Med. 678, Pl.Phdr. 250b, Isoc.4.92, etc.; ἡ γὰρ θ. for so 'tis right [to do], Od.24.286; freq. ἣ θ. ἐστί as the custom is, Il.2.73: c. dat. (= loc.),

ἣ θ. ἐστίν.. ἀγορῇ 9.33

: c. gen., ἣ θ. ἀνθρώπων πέλει ib. 134;

ἣ θ. ἐστὶ γυναικός Od.14.130

; also

ᾗ θ. ἀνθρώποις κατὰ ἤθεα Hes.Op. 137

; θύειν τοὺς γεωργοὺς.. ᾗ (with ι)

θέμις IG22.1364

(i A.D.); but ᾗ θέμις ἐστί is rejected for Hom. by Hdn.Gr.2.516, cf. A.D.Adv.148.28: indecl., πότερα κατ' ἔχθραν ἢ τὸ μὴ θέμις λέγεις; A.Supp. 336;

ὥστε μὴ.. θέμις σέ γ' εἶναι κεῖνον ἀντιδρᾶν κακῶς S.OC 1191

;

οὐδὲ.. φασὶ θέμις εἶναι Pl. Grg. 505c

, cf.X.Oec.11.11, Ael.NA1.60.

2 justice, right, S.Tr. 810;

ὅσα τείνει πρὸς θέμιν Pl.Smp. 188d

; penalty, ἐκτίνειν ὁμοιΐαν θ. A.Supp. 436 (lyr.); sanctity, ὁρκίων ἐμῶν θ. Id.Ag. 1431.

II = ἀγὼν θεματίτης, IGRom.3.319 (Pisid.); νικήσας θέμιν ἀνδρῶν ib.437 ([place name] Termessus).

III pl. [full] θέμιστες, decrees of the gods, oracles, Διὸς θ. Od. 16.403; θέμισσιν by oracles, Pi.P.4.54, cf. O.10(11).24.

2 dooms, customary laws, ordinances,

δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται Il.1.238

, cf. Hes.Th. 235; τοῖσιν δ' (i.e. the Cyclopes)

οὔτ' ἀγοραὶ βουληφόροι οὔτε θέμιστες Od.9.112

; οὔτε δίκας εὖ εἰδότα οὔτε θέμιστας neither rights nor laws, ib. 215: in sg.,

ὃς οὔ τινα οἶδε θέμιστα Il.5.761

;

ἵνα σφ' ἀγορή τε θέμις τε 11.807

.

3 judgements, decisions given by the kings or judges,

οἳ.. σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας 16.387

; σκολιῇς δὲ δίκῃς κρίνωσι θ. Hes.Op. 221;

διακρίνοντα θ. ἰθείῃσι δίκῃσιν Id.Th. 85

.

4 tribute, dues,

λιπαρὰς τελέουσι θέμιστας Il.9.156

.

IV pr. n., Themis,

ἥ τ' ἀνδρῶν ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει 2.68

, cf. Il.15.87, 20.4, Hes.Th.16, A.Pr.18, etc.

μεταδια-τάσσω,

A alter ordinances, OGI383.196 (Nemrud Dagh, i B. C.).

II transfer an obligation, POxy.899.32 (ii/iii A. D.).

τάγμα, ατος, τό, ([etym.] τάσσω)

A ordinance, command, νόμου τ. Pl.Def. 414e; ἐκ δυοῖν τ. from a combination of two ordinances, Arist.Pol. 1294b6.

II fixed assessment or payment, Id.Oec. 1349a24, CIG2562.14 ([place name] Crete).

III body of soldiers, division, brigade, X.Mem.3.1.11, PFrankf.7.5 (iii B.C.), Ph.Bel.96.48, 103.28, PRein.14.31 (ii B.C.), Plb.3.85.3, etc.

b = Lat. manipulus, Id.6.24.5.

c = Lat. legio, legion, D.H.6.42, Str.3.3.8, Plu.Oth. 12, D.C.71.9, CIG 4693 ([place name] Abukir).

IV order, rank, IG 14.757 ([place name] Naples); βουλευτικὸν τ. CIG 4411b5 ([place name] Cilicia); ἱππικὸν τ. ib.2803 ([place name] Aphrodisias);

τὸ τ. τῶν γυμνασιάρχων POxy. 1252v

. 24 (iii A.D.); τοῦ πρώτου τ. IG42(1).81 (Epid., i A.D.): acc. τάγμα as Adv., CIG3765 (dub.), cf. IG14.748 ([place name] Naples).

V generally, arrangement, of footprints, τίς ὁ τρόπος τοῦ τ.; S.Ichn.114; row of bricks, dub. in Alc.153.

2 status,

φύσεως τάγμα ἔχειν Epicur.Ep.1p.24U.

; function, Phld.Po.5 Fr.1; ἐν τ. γενόμενοι c. inf., being in a position to.., PLond.2.358.7 (ii A.D.).

χρημᾰτ-ίζω, [tense] fut.

A

- ίσω Ep.Rom.7.3

, [dialect] Att. [suff] χρημᾰτ-ιῶ Lycurg.37: [tense] pf.

κεχρημάτικα Din.1.103

, OGI106.7 (Egypt, ii B. C.): ([etym.] χρῆμα):—Prose Verb, negotiate, have dealings, esp. in money matters (in this sense mostly [voice] Med. (v. infr.11)), Th.1.87, 5.61, Plb.5.81.5;

χ. τι Th.6.62

, Isoc.4.157, Plu. Them.18.

2 of public assemblies, deliberate,

περὶ Εὐριπίδου ὅ τι χρὴ παθεῖν Ar.Th. 377

, cf. Arist.Pol. 1298b29, Rh. 1359b3, Lexap.D.21.8;

τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν δημοσίων Plu.Tim.38

;

περὶ ὧν ἂν ἅπαξ γνῷ τὸ δικαστήριον, πάλινχρηματίσαι D.24.55

; of presiding officers, conduct business, Decr. ap. D.18.75, cf. Aeschin.1.23; of the βουλή, D.18.169;

ὅσα δεῖ χρηματίσαι τὴν βουλήν Arist.Ath.43.3

.

b c. dat., transact business with, τῇ βουλῇ, τῷ δήμῳ, X.Ath.3.1; negotiate with,

πόλεσι περὶ φιλίας Th.5.5

: abs., ib.61; ἰδίᾳ χ., of intriguing persons, D.19.278;

χ. ὑπὲρ δημοσίων καὶ κοινῶν πραγμάτων Ael.VH3.4

:—[voice] Med.,X.Ath. 3.3.

3 give audience to,

πρεσβευταῖς Plb.3.66.6

, cf. Jul.Or.1.13a.

4 of an oracle, give a response to those who consult it, LXX Je.33(26).2, al., D.S.15.10, JAJ11.8.4, Plu.2.435c, Porph. Abst.2.48;

δι' ὕδατος Iamb.Myst.3.11

; of gods, give ear to,

χ. τοῖς εὐχομένοις Luc.Pseudol.8

:—[voice] Pass., receive an answer, warning, in NT of divine warnings or revelations, Ev.Matt.2.12, etc.;

ὑπ' ἀγγέλου Act.Ap.10.22

; ἦν αὐτῷ κεχρηματισμένον a warning had been given him, Ev.Luc.2.26;

χ. ὑπὸ δαιμονίων καὶ φαντασίας εἰδώλων Vett.Val.67.5

.

5 issue ordinances, etc.,

χ. ἀπορρήσεις Ph.2.438

; administer justice, ἐν τῷ Προσωπίτῃ OGI l.c.;

ταῖς πόλεσι App.Hisp.98

.

b issue orders for payment, pay,

ἀπὸ τῆς.. τραπέζης PGrenf.2.23.4

(ii B. C.); τινι Ostr.Bodl. i248 (ii B. C.); λόγον χ. ἐς τὰ δαμόσια γράμματα furnish an account.., Arch. f. Religionswiss. 10.211 (Cos, ii B. C.):—[voice] Pass., ἐχρηματίσθη πολλὰ διάφορα he was furnished with large sums, Aristeas 9.

6 take cognizance of, decide upon petitions, [

ἐντευξιν] χ. PEnteux.75.9

(iii B. C.), PFay. 12.28 (ii B. C.);

ἔντευξις κεχρηματισμένη PPetr.2p.3

(iii B. C.).

7 generally, have dealings with, stand in any relation to a person, οὐδὲν αὐτῷ (sic legendum videtur)

πρὸς γένος ἐχρημάτιζεν Ctes.Fr. 29.2

: hence even μόλις ταῖς ἀναγκαίαις [ὀρέξεσι] χ. to be influenced, affected by them, Plu.2.125b.

8 Astrol., operate, of influences, Vett.Val.5.7.

II [voice] Med., χρηματίζομαι: [tense] fut. [dialect] Att.

- ιοῦμαι Lys.29.14

, etc.: [tense] pf.

κεχρημάτισμαι Din.1.15

:— negotiate or transact business for oneself or to one's own profit, make money,

οἰόμενοι χρηματιεῖσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ μαχεῖσθαι Th.7.13

;

χρηματιούμενος ἀλλ' οὐ πρὸς ὑμᾶς φιλοτιμησόμενος Lys.

l.c.;

οἱ χρηματισάμενοι Pl.R. 330c

;

ἄλλῳ χ. καὶ οὐχ αὑτῷ Id.Grg. 452e

; esp. by base arts,

ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς πόλεως Din.

l. c., cf. Is.9.25; χ. ἀπό τινος to make money of or from a thing, Pl. Sph. 225e;

ἀπὸ τῶν κοινῶν Arist.Pol. 1286b14

;

ἀπὸ γεωμετρίας Iamb. Comm.Math.25

;

ἔκ τινος Lys.25.3

;

ἐ, φιλοσοφίας Isoc.11.1

; also c. acc. cogn.,

χ. τὸν ἐκ γῆς χρηματισμόν Id.Lg.949e

, cf. Grg.467d;

χρήματα X.Cyr.3.3.5

.

2 generally, transact business, have dealings with.., τινι Hdt.3.118, 7.163.

3 c. acc. rei, χ. τὸ νόμισμα traffic in money, like a money-lender or banker, Arist.Pol. 1257b34; but c. acc. pers., χ. τινας make money out of any one, i. e. get it from them by extortion, Plb.32.5.13; so

χ. παρὰ τῶν νεωτέρων Isoc.10.6

.

III in later writers, from Plb. downwards, the [voice] Act. χρηματίζω takes some special senses:

1 to take and bear a title or name, to be called or styled so and so,

χρηματίζειν βασιλεύς Plb.5.57.2

, 30.2.4, cf. Aristeas 298;

Πτολεμαῖος.. νέος Διόνυσος χ. D.S.1.44

; ἐχρημάτιζε Χαλκηδόνιος, Κρητικός, Str.13.1.55, App.Sic.6;

νέα Ἶσις ἐχρημάτιζε Plu.Ant.54

; μὴ πατρόθεν, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ μητέρων χ. to call themselves not after their fathers, but after their mothers, Id.2.248d;

χ. ἀπὸ τοῦ δήμου Harp.

s.v. δημοτευόμενος; χ. τοὺς μαθητὰς Χριστιανούς Act.Ap. 11.26; τιμῆς καὶ πίστεως χ. ἄξιοι to be deemed.., App.BC2.111.

2 generally, to be called,

μοιχαλίς Ep.Rom.7.3

:

μήτηρ Ph.1.440

; καὶ ὡς χ. 'and so forth' (omitting some of the writer's names), POxy.100.1 (ii A. D.), etc.; also c. dat., ἀεὶ -ίζων τῷ προκειμένῳ ὀνοματίῳ ib.2131.8 (iii A. D.).

3 change or be changed,

εἴς τι Gp.12.1.9

.

ἀσάλευτος [σᾰ], ον,

A unmoved, unshaken,

ἀ. ἡ γῆ Arist.Mu. 392b34

; of Delos, AP9.100 (Alph.);

ἔσται ἀσάλευτον πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν LXXEx. 13.16

, al.;

πρῷρα Act.Ap.27.41

; of the sea, prob. in Plu.2.982f: metaph. of the mind, E.Ba. 391 (lyr.);

ἀ. ἡσυχία Pl.Ax. 370d

; πίστις Polystr.p.10 W.;

βασιλεία Ep.Hebr.12.28

;

στάλα ἀ. Hymn.Is.4

;

νίκη IG9(1).270

([place name] Atalante); ἀ. μένειν, of ordinances, PLips.34.35 (iv A.D.), cf. Sammelb.4324.12. Adv.

- τως Plb.9.9.8

: neut. pl. as Adv.,

χείλεσι ἀσάλευτα μεμυκόσι AP12.183

(Strat.).

ἐντολ-ή, ἡ,

A injunction, order, command, freq. in pl., orders, commands, Pi.Fr. 177, Hdt.1.22, 3.147, A.Pr.12, etc.;

ἐντολαὶ θεοῦ 1 Ep.Cor.7.19

; ἐντολὰς δοῦναι Decr. ap. D.18.75;

ἐντολὴν ἐπιτελέειν Hdt.1.157

; royal ordinance, PTeb.6.10 (ii B. C.); θεῖαι ἐ., of Imperial ordinances, SIG888.51 (iii A. D.); ἀπ' ἐντολῆς by proxy, Luc.Pr.Im.16.—Rare in Trag. and [dialect] Att. Prose.

ἔντῑμ-ος, ον, ([etym.] τιμή),

1 of persons, in honour, honoured, opp. ἄτιμος, Pl. Euthd. 281c, etc.; τινί by another, S.El. 239 (lyr.), Ant.25, etc.;

παρά τινι Pl.Ti. 21e

: c. dat. rei, honoured with,

σπονδαῖς E.Or. 1688

(anap.); in office, Pl.R. 564d; of men of high rank in Persia, X.Cyr.3.1.8, al.; opp. ἄδοξοι, D.3.29; = ἐπίτιμος, Decr. ap. eund.59.104.

2 of things, τὰ θεῶν ἔ. what is honoured in their sight, their ordinances or attributes, S.Ant.77; ἔ. ποιῆσαι τὴν τέχνην hold it in honour, Isoc.4.159;

ἔ. ποιεῖν τι Arist.Pol. 1286b15

; ἔργα - ότερα (opp. ἀναγκαιότερα) ib. 1255b28;

δαπανήματα -ότατα Id.EN 1122b35

; χώρα ἔ. place of honour, Pl.Epin. 985e; ἔ. ἀπόλυσις, = Lat. honesta missio, PHamb.1.31.19 (ii A. D.).

3 Adv.

-μως, ἄγειν τι Pl.R. 528c

, cf.Satyr.Vit.Eur.Fr. 39xviii27 ([voice] Pass.);

ἔχειν τι Pl.R. 528b

; also ἐ. ἔχειν to be in honour, X.An.2.1.7: [comp] Sup.

- ότατα D.C.63.17

; -μως ἀπολελυμένος, = Lat. missus honesta missione, POxy.1471.6 (i A. D.), al.

II doing honour, honourable (to a person),

λόγος Pl.Lg. 855a

.

III valuable, highly valued, [ χώρα] Arist.Mete. 352a12 ([comp] Comp.), cf. PLond.5.1708.33 (vi A. D.); of currency, accepted in exchange, opp.

ἀδόκιμον, νόμισμα Pl.Lg. 742a

.

διατίθημι (Hdt.+) aor. 3 sg. διέθηκεν 2 Macc 9:28, impv. διάθες (TestAbr B 7, p. 112, 4 [Stone 72, 4]); pf. 3 pl. διατεθείκασιν (Ath. 20, 1). Pass.: διάκειμαι functions as the pf. pass. (LXX, Just., Ath.); pf. pass. inf. διατεθεῖσθαι (Just., D, 142, 1); διεκείμην functions as the plpf. pass. (LXX, Just., Ath.); lit. ‘put in order’ then ‘arrange, prepare’ (2 Macc 9:28; Just., A I, 9, 2 al.; Ath. 20, 1 ‘analyze, describe’); in our lit. only mid. διατίθεμαι (X. et al.): fut. διαθήσομαι; 2 aor. διεθέμην, ptc. διαθέμενος.

① to make formal arrangements for someth. to be done or brought about, decree, ordain (Ps 104:9; 2 Ch 7:18) τὶ someth. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 95 §401 τοιαῦτα=this sort of thing) τὰ δικαιώματά μου my ordinances B 10:2 (cp. Pla., Leg. 834a δ. νόμους).—διαθήκην (q.v. 2) δ. issue a decree (LXX; PsSol 9:10; TestNapht 1:1; the same expr.=‘conclude an agreement’ in Aristoph., Av. 440) τινί to or for someone Hb 8:10; PtK 2 p. 15, 5; 6; 7 (both Jer 38: 31–33). ἐν ἡμῖν among us B 14:5. πρός τινα to someone (Ex 24:8; Dt 4:23; Josh 9:15) Ac 3:25; Hb 10:16.

② to make a disposition of someth., arrange τὶ someth. (X., Cyr. 5, 2, 7 τ. θυγατέρα; Andoc. 4, 30) confer w. dat. of the pers. favored κἀγὼ διατίθεμαι ὑμῖν καθὼς διέθετό μοι ὁ πατὴρ βασιλείαν I confer on you as the Father has conferred on me the right to rule Lk 22:29 (cp. 2 Km 5:3; albeit in sense 3, Jos., Ant. 13, 407 τ. βασιλείαν διέθετο; for the formulation δ. διαθήκην w. dat. vs. 29 v.l., s. Aristoph., Av. 440) w. a play on the word διαθήκη vs. 20.

③ to arrange for disposition of property after one’s death, dispose of property by a will, make a will (Pla., Isaeus et al.; PEleph 2, 2; POxy 104, 4; 105, 2; 489, 3; PLips 29, 8 al.; Jos., Ant. 13, 407; Test12Patr) ὁ διαθέμενος the testator (Isaeus+; BGU 448, 24; POxy 99, 9; 15; OGI 509, 6 and 16; s. JBehm, Διαθήκη im NT 1912, 8; 87, 6) Hb 9:16f.—M-M. TW.

διηγέομαι fut. διηγήσομαι; 1 aor. διηγησάμην (s. two next entries; Heraclitus, Thu. et al.) to give a detailed account of someth. in words, tell, relate, describe τὶ someth. Lk 8:39 (cp. Jos., Vi. 60). τὴν γενεὰν αὐτοῦ (γενεά 4) Ac 8:33; 1 Cl 16:8 (both Is 53:8). δόξαν θεοῦ 27:7 (Ps 18:2). τὰ δικαιώματα θεοῦ recount God’s ordinances 35:7 (Ps 49:16). τινί τι (Lucian, Nigrin. 3; πάντα σοι διήγηται BGU 846, 14f [=Hunt-Edgar 120, 14f] someth. to someone Mk 9:9; Lk 9:10; Ac 16:10 D; τινί Mk 5:16; Dg 11:2 (of explanation to an inner circle). W. indir. quest. foll. Mk 5:16; Ac 9:27; 12:17; 16:40 D; AcPl Ant 13, 11f (=Aa I 237, 1). περί τινος about someone (Lucian, D. Mar. 15, 1) Hb 11:32.—M-M.

δικαιοσύνη, ης, ἡ (s. δίκαιος; Theognis, Hdt.+) gener. the quality of being upright. Theognis 1, 147 defines δ. as the sum of all ἀρετή; acc. to Demosth. (20, 165) it is the opp. of κακία. A strict classification of δ. in the NT is complicated by freq. interplay of abstract and concrete aspects drawn from OT and Gr-Rom. cultures, in which a sense of equitableness combines with awareness of responsibility within a social context.

① the quality, state, or practice of judicial responsibility w. focus on fairness, justice, equitableness, fairness

ⓐ of human beings (a common theme in honorary ins, e.g. IPriene 71, 14f; 22f of a judge named Alexis; Danker, Benefactor 346–48; cp. Aristot., EN 5, 1, 8, 1129a τὸ μὲν δίκαιον ἄρα τὸ νόμιμον καὶ τὸ ἴσον ‘uprightness consists of that which is lawful and fair’; Ath. 34:2 ἔστι δὲ δ. ἴσα ἴσοις ἀμείβειν ‘uprightness means to answer like with like’; for association of δ. with judgment s. also Diog. L. 3, 79; in contexts of praise δ. suggests authority involving juridical responsibility FX 7, ’81, 255 n. 229) δ. κρίσεως ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος uprightness is the beginning and end of judgment B 1:6. Melchizedek as βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης Hb 7:2. ἐργάζεσθαι δικαιοσύνην administer justice Hb 11:33; κρίνειν ἐν δ. (Ps 71:2f; 95:13; Sir 45:26; PsSol 8:24) judge justly Ac 17:31, cp. Mk 16:14 v.l. (Freer ms. line 5 in N. app.); Ro 9:28 v.l. (Is 10:22). ποιεῖν κρίμα καὶ δ. practice justice and uprightness 1 Cl 13:1 (Jer 9:23). καθιστάναι τοὺς ἐπισκοπούς ἐν δ. appoint overseers in uprightness= who will serve justly 1 Cl 42:5 (Is 60:17). David rejoices in God’s δ. 1 Cl 18:15 (Ps 50:16; s. ἀγαλλιάω, end).

ⓑ of transcendent figures (Pla. τὴν δ. θεοῦ νόμον ὑπελάμβανεν ‘considered divine justice [i.e. apportionment of reward or retribution in accordance with behavior] a principle’ or ‘system’ that served as a deterrent of crime Diog. L. 3, 79). Of an apocalyptic horseman ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρινεῖ Rv 19:11.

② quality or state of juridical correctness with focus on redemptive action, righteousness. Equitableness is esp. associated w. God (cp. Paradoxogr. Vat. 43 Keller αἰτεῖται παρὰ τ. θεῶν οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν δικαιοσύνης), and in our lit. freq. in connection w. exercise of executive privilege in conferring a benefit. Hence God’s δ. can be the opposite of condemnation 2 Cor 3:9 (s. below); in it God is revealed as judge Rom 3:5—in contrast to human wrath, which beclouds judgment—displaying judicial integrity 3:25 (on this pass. s. also below). Cp. ἐκάλεσά σε ἐν δ. B 14:7 (Is 42:6). Also of equitable privilege allotted by God 2 Pt 1:1.—In Pauline thought the intimate association of God’s interest in retaining a reputation for justice that rewards goodness and requites evil, while at the same time working out a plan of salvation for all humanity, complicates classification of his use of δικαιοσύνη. On the one hand, God’s δ. is pardoning action, and on the other a way of sharing God’s character with believers, who then exhibit righteousness in the moral sense. God achieves this objective through exercise of executive privilege in dispensing justice equitably without reference to νόμος by making salvation available to all humanity (which shares a common problem of liability to wrath by being unanimously in revolt against God Ro 3:9–18, 23) through faith in God’s action in Jesus Christ. The genitival constr. δ. θεοῦ accents the uniqueness of this δ.: Ro 1:17; 3:21f, 25, 26 (s. these pass. also below; Reumann, 3c end); 10:3, and δ. alone 5:21; 9:30 (3 times); 2 Cor 3:9 (opp. κατάκρισις; cp. Dg 9:3; 5). 2 Cor 5:21 may belong here if δ. is viewed as abstract for concrete=δικαιωθέντες (but s. below). All these refer to righteousness bestowed by God cp. ἡ δωρεὰ τῆς δ. Ro 5:17, also 1 Cor 1:30 (sim. 1QS 11, 9–15; 1QH 4, 30–37). In this area it closely approximates salvation (cp. Is 46:13; 51:5 and s. NSnaith, Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 207–22, esp. 218–22; EKäsemann, ZTK 58, ’61, 367–78 [against him RBultmann, JBL 83, ’64, 12–16]). According to some interpreters hunger and thirst for uprightness Mt 5:6 perh. offers (but s. 3a below) a related eschatological sense (‘Kingdom of God’, FNötscher, Biblica 31, ’50, 237–41=Vom A zum NT, ’62, 226–30).—Keeping the law cannot bring about uprightness Ro 3:21; Gal 2:21; 3:21, because δ. ἐκ τοῦ νόμου uprightness based on the law Ro 10:5 (cp. 9:30f), as ἰδία δ. one’s own (self-made) upr. 10:3, is impossible. God’s δ. without ref. to νόμος is to be apprehended by faith Ro 1:17; 3:22, 26; 4:3ff, 13; 9:30; 10:4, 6, 10 (cp. Hb 11:7 ἡ κατὰ πίστιν δ. righteousness based on faith; s. B-D-F §224, 1), for which reason faith is ‘calculated as righteousness’ (Gen 15:6; Ps 105:31; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3, 5f, 9, 11, 13, 22; Gal 3:6 (cp. Hb 11:7; Js 2:23; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; 1 Cl 10:6; B 13:7). Of Jesus as our righteousness 1 Cor 1:30.—As gift and power Ro 5:17, 21, and because it is intimately associated with the δύναμις of Christ’s resurrection Phil 3:9f (s. below), this righteousness enables the redeemed to respond and serve God faithfully Ro 6:13 (in wordplay opp. of ἀδικία), 16, 18ff; cp. 1 Cor 1:30 of Christ as instrument of God’s gift of δ.; 2 Cor 3:9. Thus God’s δ. functions as δύναμις 6:7 within Christians 5:21 (i.e. the way God acts in justifying or restoring people to a relationship with God’s self serves as a model for Christian interaction; for a difft. view, s. above) through the Spirit (Ro 8:9) and assures them they will have life that will be fully realized at the end of the age Ro 8:10f; for the time being it is a matter of hope ἐλπὶς δικαιοσύνης Gal 5:5 (cp. Is 51:5); cp. ἡ ἐκ θεοῦ δ. Phil 3:9. Pol 8:1 shares Paul’s view: Christ as ἀρραβὼν τῆς δ.—God’s uprightness as gift τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς στάξαντος τὴν δ. who distills uprightness on you Hv 3, 9, 1.—Such perspectives offer a transition to specific ways in which the redeemed express uprightness.

③ the quality or characteristic of upright behavior, uprightness, righteousness

ⓐ of uprightness in general: Mt 5:6 (cp. 6:33; some interpret 5:6 in an eschatological sense, s. 2 above; on desire for δ. cp. ἐπιθυμία τῆς δ. Hm 12, 2, 4); Mt 5:10, 20 (s. b, below); Hm 10, 1, 5; Dg 10:8; λόγος δικαιοσύνης Hb 5:13; Pol 9:1 (s. also Epict., Fgm. Stob. 26; when a man is excited by the λόγος in meetings, he should give expression to τὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης λόγια). πάσχειν διὰ δ. 1 Pt 3:14. ἄγγελος τῆς δ. Hm 6, 2, 1; 3; 8; 10. ῥήματα δ. 8:9. 10, 1, 5; Dg 10:8; Pol 2:3; 3:1; ἐντολὴ δ. commandment of upr. Pol 3:3; 9:1.—Mt 6:33 of the kind of δ. God expects (on δ. as characteristic required by God acc. to Jewish perspective s. Bousset, Rel.³ 387ff; 379ff; 423; cp. KFahlgren, Sẹdāḳā, nahestehende u. entgegengesetzte Begriffe im Alten Testament, diss. Uppsala ’32.—S. Diog. L. 3, 83 on Plato’s view of δικαιοσύνη περὶ θεούς or δ. πρὸς τοὺς θεούς=performance of prescribed duties toward gods; s. also ref. to 3, 79 at 1b above). Christ’s δ. Dg 9:3, 5. διαλέγεσθαι περὶ δ. Ac 24:25. Opp. ἀδικία (Hippol., Ref. 4, 43, 12; Did., Gen. 20, 27) 2 Cl 19:2; Dg 9:1. As ἀρετή Hm 1:2; Hs 6, 1, 4; 8, 10, 3. Opp. ἀνομία 2 Cor 6:14; cp. 2 Cor. 11:15 (ironical); Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8); ἁμαρτία, which is the dominating power before δ. θεοῦ comes into play Ro 6:16, 18–20; cp. 1 Pt 2:24. ἐργάζεσθαι δ. (Ps 14:2) do what is right Ac 10:35; accomplish righteousness Js 1:20 (W-S. §30, 7g); Hv 2, 2, 7; 2, 3, 3; m 5, 1, 1; 12, 3, 1; 12, 6, 2; Hs 9, 13, 7. Also ἔργον δικαιοσύνης ἐργάζεσθαι 1 Cl 33:8. Opp. οὐδὲν ἐργάζεσθαι τῇ δ. Hs 5, 1, 4; ποιεῖν (τὴν) δ. (2 Km 8:15; Ps 105:3; Is 56:1; 58:2; 1 Macc 14:35 al.) do what is right 1J 2:29; 3:7, 10; Rv 22:11; 2 Cl 4:2; 11:7. Also πράσσειν τὴν δ. 2 Cl 19:3; διώκειν τὴν δ. (cp. Sir 27:8 διώκ. τὸ δίκαιον) seek to attain/achieve upr. Ro 9:30; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; 2 Cl 18:2; δ. ἀσκεῖν Hm 8:10. ὁδὸς (τῆς) δ. (ὁδός 3ab) Mt 21:32; 2 Pt 2:21; B 1:4; 5:4. προπορεύσεται ἔμπροσθεν σου ἡ δ. 3:4 (Is 58:8); cp. 4:12. κατορθοῦσθαι τὰς ὁδοὺς ἐν δ. walk uprightly Hv 2, 2, 6; τῇ δ. ζήσωμεν live uprightly 1 Pt 2:24. πύλη δ. gate of upr. 1 Cl 48:2 (Ps 117:19), cp. vs. 4. ἐν οἷς δ. κατοικεῖ (cp. Is 32:16) in which righteousness dwells 2 Pt 3:13. Of Christ’s body δικαιοσύνης ναο͂ς AcPlCor 2:17. παιδεία ἡ ἐν δ. training in uprightness 2 Ti 3:16. ἔργα τὰ ἐν δ. righteous deeds Tit 3:5. λαμπρότης ἐν δ. rejoicing in uprightness 1 Cl 35:2; ἐχθρὸς πάσης δ. enemy of every kind of upr. Ac 13:10. W. ὁσιότης (Wsd 9:3): holiness and upr. (as the relig. and moral side of conduct; cp. 1QS 1:5; 8:2; 11:9–15; 1QH 4:30f) Lk 1:75 (λατρεύειν ἐν δ. as Josh 24:14); Eph 4:24; 1 Cl 48:4. W. πίστις (OGI 438, 8; 1 Macc 14:35; Just., D. 110, 3) Pol 9:2; cp. 2 Pt 1:1. With εἰρήνη (Is 39:8; 48:18) and χαρά Ro 14:17; cp. 1 Cl 3:4; Hb 7:2 (but s. 1a, above). W. ἀλήθεια (Is 45:19; 48:1) Eph 5:9; 1 Cl 31:2; 62:2; Hs 9, 25, 2. W. ἀγάπη 2 Cl 12:1. W. ἀγαθωσύνη Eph 5:9. W. ἁγνεία Hs 9, 16, 7. W. γνῶσις κυρίου (cp. Pr 16:8) D 11:2. ὅπλα (τῆς) δ. tools or weapons of uprightness Ro 6:13; 2 Cor 6:7; Pol 4:1; θῶραξ τῆς δ. (Is 59:17; Wsd 5:18) breastplate of upr. Eph 6:14. τέκνα δικαιοσύνης (opp. ὀργῆς) AcPlCor 2:19. διάκονοι δικαιοσύνης servants of upr. 2 Cor 11:15; Pol 5:2; μισθός δ. D 5:2; B 20:2; μέρος δ. portion in (eternal salvation) which is meant for righteousness ApPt Rainer 6; καρπὸς δικαιοσύνης (Pr 3:9; 11:30; 13:2) produce of uprightness (ApcSed 12:5) Phil 1:11; Hb 12:11; Js 3:18; Hs 9, 19, 2; GJs 6:3. ὁ τῆς δ. στέφανος the crown of upr. (w. which the upright are adorned; cp. TestLevi 8:2; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 258; a common theme in honorary ins recognizing distinguished public service, s. indexes SIG, OGI and other ins corpora; Danker, Benefactor 345–47; s. also the boast of Augustus, s.v. δίκαιος 1aα) 2 Ti 4:8; cp. ἡ τ. δικαιοσύνης δόξα the glory of upr. ending of Mk in the Freer ms. ln. 11f. Described as a characteristic to be taught and learned, because it depends on a knowledge of God’s will: κῆρυξ δ. preacher of upr. 2 Pt 2:5 (cp. Ar. 15:2 τῇ δ. τοῦ κηρύγματος). διδάσκειν δ. teach upr. (of Paul) 1 Cl 5:7. μέρος τι ἐκ τῆς δ. a portion of uprightness Hv 3, 1, 6; cp. 3, 6, 4; δ. μεγάλην ἐργάζεσθαι m 8:2.—ἐλέγχειν περὶ δικαιοσύνης convict w. regard to uprightness (of Jesus) J 16:8, 10 (s. WHatch, HTR 14, 1921, 103–5; HWindisch: Jülicher Festschr. 1927, 119f; HTribble, Rev. and Expos. 32, ’37, 269–80; BLindars, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 275–85).

ⓑ of specific action righteousness in the sense of fulfilling divine expectation not specifically expressed in ordinances (Orig., C. Cels. 7, 18, 39; Did., Gen. 188, 27: οἱ κατὰ δ. ζῶντες) Mt 3:15=ISm 1:1; of a superior type Mt 5:20 (s. JMoffatt, ET 13, 1902, 201–6, OOlevieri, Biblica 5, 1924, 201ff; Betz, SM 190f); not to win plaudits 6:1. To please outsiders as well as oneself 2 Cl 13:1. W. characteristic restriction of mng. mercy, charitableness (cp. Tob 12:9) of God, whose concern for the poor 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps 111:9) is exemplary for the recipients of the letter vs. 10; participation in such activity belongs, according to Mt 6:1f (cp. δίκαιος 1:19: Joseph combines justice and mercy), to the practice of piety (on the development of the word’s mng. in this direction s. Bousset, Rel.³ 380). Pl. (B-D-F §142; W-S. §27, 4d; Rob. 408 δικαιοσύναι righteous deeds (Ezk 3:20; 33:13; Da 9:18) 2 Cl 6:9. δικαιοσύναι righteous deeds (Ezk 3:20; 33:13; Da 9:18; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 12 [Stone p. 30]) 2 Cl 6:9. ἀρετὴ δικαιοσύνης Hm 1:2; Hs 6, 1, 4; cp. 8, 10, 3.

ⓒ uprightness as determined by divine/legal standards δ. θεοῦ upr. that meets God’s standard Js 1:20 (W-S. 30, §7g).—Ro 10:5; Gal 2:21; 3:21; Phil 3:6; 3:9.—ASchmitt, Δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ: JGeffcken Festschr. ’31, 111–31; FHellegers, D. Gerechtigkeit Gottes im Rö., diss. Tüb. ’39; AOepke, TLZ 78, ’53, 257–64.—Dodd 42–59; ADescamps, Studia Hellenistica, ’48, 69–92.—S. also JRopes, Righteousness in the OT and in St. Paul: JBL 22, 1903, 211ff; JGerretsen, Rechtvaardigmaking bij Pls 1905; GottfrKittel, StKr 80, 1907, 217–33; ETobac, Le problème de la Justification dans S. Paul 1908; EDobschütz, Über d. paul. Rechtfertigungslehre: StKr 85, 1912, 38–87; GWetter, D. Vergeltungsged. b. Pls 1912, 161ff; BWestcott, St. Paul and Justification 1913; WMacholz, StKr 88, 1915, 29ff; EBurton ICC, Gal. 1921, 460–74; WMichaelis, Rechtf. aus Glauben b. Pls: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 116–38; ELohmeyer, Grundlagen d. paul. Theologie 1929, 52ff; HBraun, Gerichtsged. u. Rechtfertigungslehre b. Pls. 1930; OZänker, Δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ b. Pls: ZST 9, ’32, 398–420; FFilson, St. P.’s Conception of Recompense ’31; WGrundmann, ZNW 32, ’33, 52–65; H-DWendland, D. Mitte der paul. Botschaft ’35; RGyllenberg, D. paul. Rechtfertigungslehre u. das AT: Studia Theologica (Riga) I ’35, 35–52; HJager, Rechtvaardiging en zekerheid des geloofs (Ro 1:16f; 3:21–5:11) ’39; HHofer, D. Rechtfertigungsverk. des Pls nach neuerer Forschg. ’40; VTaylor, Forgiveness and Reconciliation ’41; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 266–80, Eng. tr. KGrobel ’51, I 270–85; SSchulz, ZTK 56, ’59, 155–85 (Qumran and Paul); CMüller, FRL 86, ’64 (Ro 9–11); JBecker, Das Heil Gottes, ’64; PStuhlmacher, Gerechtigkeit Gottes b. Paulus, ’65; JReumann, Int 20, ’66, 432–52 (Ro 3:21–31); HBraun, Qumran II, ’66, 165–80; JZiesler, The Mng. of Righteousness in Paul, ’72; ESanders, Paul and Palestinian Judaism, ’77 (s. index 625; appendix by MBrauch 523–42 rev. of discussions in Germany); SWilliams, JBL 99, ’80, 241–90.—CPerella, De justificatione sec. Hb: Biblica 14, ’33, 1–21; 150–69. S. also the lit. on πίστις and ἁμαρτία.—On the whole word s. RAC X 233–360; AKöberle, Rechtfertigung u. Heiligung 1930; EDNT I 325–30.—DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. EDNT.TW. Sv.

δικαίωμα, ατος, τό (Thu.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 104:9; ParJer 6:23; Just., D. 46, 2)

① a regulation relating to just or right action, regulation, requirement, commandment (so mostly LXX; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 68; Jos., Bell. 7, 110, Ant. 17, 108; Cass. Dio 36, 23 of the laws; POxy 1119, 15 τῶν ἐξαιρέτων τῆς ἡμετέρας πατρίδος δικαιωμάτων) w. ἐντολαί and κρίματα (as Num 36:13; Dt 4:40; cp. 6:1; 7:11 al. cp. Theoph. Ant. 3, 11 [p. 226, 29]) Lk 1:6; (w. προστάγματα, as Gen 26:5) 1 Cl 2:8; 35:7 (Ps 49:16); τὰ δεδομένα δ. the commandments which were given 58:2 (δικ. διδόναι: Jos., C. Ap. 2, 37); δ. τοῦ νόμου the requirements of the law Ro 2:26; 8:4. Esp. of God’s requirements: δ. τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 1:32; B 4:11; 10:2 (cp. Dt 4:1). κυρίου Hm 12, 6, 4. ἐκζητεῖν τὰ δ. κυρίου seek out the Lord’s requirements B 2:1. μανθάνειν 21:1; γνῶσις τῶν δ. 21:5. λαλεῖν δ. κυρίου speak of the law of the Lord 10:11; σοφία τῶν δ. the wisdom revealed in his ordinances 16:9; δ. λατρείας regulations for worship Hb 9:1; δ. σαρκός regulations for the body vs. 10.

② an action that meets expectations as to what is right or just, righteous deed (Aristot. EN 1135a, 12f, Rhet. 1359a, 25; 1373b, 1; 3 Km 3:28; Bar 2:19) διʼ ἑνὸς δικαιώματος (opp. παράπτωμα) Ro 5:18.—B 1:2 (cp. Wengst, Barnabasbrief 196, n. 4); Rv 15:4 (here perh.=‘sentence of condemnation’ [cp. Pla., Leg. 9, 864e; ins fr. Asia Minor: LBW 41, 2 [κατὰ] τὸ δι[καί]ωμα τὸ κυρω[θέν]=‘acc. to the sentence which has become valid’]; difft. Wengst, s. above); 19:8.

③ to clear someone of a violation Ro 5:16 (opp. κατάκριμα) it is prob. chosen because of the other words in-μα, and is equiv. in mng. to δικαίωσις (on the linguistic possibility s. Kühner-Bl. II 272 and Schwyzer I 491: forms in-μα, which express the result of an action.—En 104:9 δικαίωμα may stand for δικαιοσύνη [cp. Ezk 18:21 and v.l.], but the text appears to be corrupt).—DELG s.v. δίκη. M-M. TW. Spicq.

δόγμα, ατος, τό (s. δογματίζω, δοκέω; X., Pla.+; loanw. in rabb.).

① a formal statement concerning rules or regulations that are to be observed

ⓐ of formalized sets of rules ordinance, decision, command (Pla., Rep. 3, 414b; Demosth. 25, 16; Plut., Mor. 742d; Da 3:10; 4:6; 6:13 Theod. al.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5; Did., Gen. 221, 20) Hb 11:23 v.l. Of the rules or commandments of Jesus B 1:6; IMg 13:1; of the gospel D 11:3; of the apostles Ac 16:4 (cp. the Christian prayer in CSchmidt, GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, p. 71, 24). τριῶν γραμμάτων δόγματα λαμβάνειν receive instructions from three letters (of the alphabet) B 9:7; cp. 10:1, 9f. Of the Mosaic law (3 Macc 1:3; Philo, Gig. 52, Leg. All. 1, 54; 55 διατήρησις τ. ἁγίων δογμάτων; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 42) νόμος τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δ. law of commandments consisting in (single) ordinances Eph 2:15. τὸ καθʼ ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον τοῖς δ. the bond that stood against us, w. its requirements Col 2:14.

ⓑ of an imperial declaration (SEG IX, 8) decree (Jos., Bell. 1, 393; PFay 20, 22 a δ. of Alex. Severus) ἐξῆλθεν δ. (cp. Da 2:13 Theod.) παρὰ Καίσαρος Lk 2:1. ἀπέναντι τῶν δογμάτων Καίσαρος πράττειν act contrary to the decrees of Caesar Ac 17:7 (EJudge, The Decrees of Caesar at Thessalonica: Reformed Theological Review 30, ’71, 1–7).

② something that is taught as an established tenet or statement of belief, doctrine, dogma (Pla. et al.; Plut., Mor. 14e; 779b; 1000d; Epict. 4, 11, 8; Herodian 1, 2, 4; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 269; Jos., Bell. 2, 142; apolog.; Theoph. Ant. 3, 3 [p. 210, 4]; ἡμέτερον δόγμα [=the Gospel] Orig., C. Cels. 2, 4, 20) of philosophical position δ. ἀνθρώπινον Dg 5:3. Of false prophets δ. ποικίλα τῆς ἀπωλείας διδάσκειν teach various doctrines that lead to perdition ApcPt 1 (Diod S 1, 86, 2 of relig. teaching [about the sacred animals of the Egyptians]). τὰ τοῦ πονηροῦ … δόγματα AcPlCor 2:2.—RAC III 1257–60; IV 1–24; Ferguson, Legal Terms, 47–49; Mason 39; Sherk, lit. on senatorial decrees p. 2f.—M-M. DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. New Docs 4, 146. S. διάταγμα. TW. Sv.

δογματίζω (s. δόγμα) 1 aor. ἐδογμάτισα LXX; pf. δεδογμάτικα 1 Esdr 6:33; pf. pass. ptc. δεδογματισμένον 3 Macc 4:11; 1 aor. pass. ἐδογματίσθη (=decree, ordain, since II B.C.; s. Nägeli 32; Da 2:13 and elsewhere LXX, Just., Tat.; Ath.: ‘state position’ or ‘viewpoint’) to put under obligation by rules or ordinances, obligate: pass. submit to rules and regulations Col 2:20 here permissive pass. (s. Gildersleeve, Syntax I 73)= permit yourselves to be put under etc. τὰ δεδογματισμένα ὑπό τινος things decreed by someone 1 Cl 20:4; 27:5 (cp. 3 Macc 4:11).—M-M. DELG s.v. δοκάω etc. TW.